Background: Endometrioma of ovary is one of the common diseases during reproductive age and the effect of laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma on infertility is still matter of debate. We designed this case control study to evaluate the ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation during IVF (In vitro fertilization) cycle following laparoscopic unilateral cystectomy of endometrioma.Methods: In a case control study, we enrolled 30 women with history of unilateral laparoscopic cystectomy of ovarian endometrioma in stripping method who underwent IVF cycle in women Hospital, 2009-2012. The numbers of follicles in response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation during IVF cycle in the ovary with history of unilateral laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma were compared with those from the contralateral ovary.Results: The mean age (±SD) of patients was 32.3 (±3.4). The mean (±SD) diameter of excised ovarian endometrioma was42.4 (±10.4) mm. Interval since ovarian surgery to induction ovulation was2.7 (±2.6) years. Mean number of follicles in the ovary with history of unilateral laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma was2.5 (±1.2) with the range of1 to 5 and in the control ovary 3.9 (±1.4) with the range of 1 to 6. There was significant difference in the number of follicles in the ovary with laparascopic cystectomy of endometrioma compared with opposite one (P<0.001).Conclusion: Laparoscopic cystectomy for unilateral endometrioma is associated with a reduced ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation during IVF cycle. We did not find any statistically significant difference in reduced ovarian response with regard to patients age, body mass index, size and location of the cyst, and time duration since ovarian cystectomy.

The transcriptional factor Sox2 regulates the expression of some of the de-velopmental genes, which are essential for the maintenance of pluripotency of stem cells. Sox2 also expresses in the female gamete during folliculogenesis, but its role remains am-biguous. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Sox2 in the mice ovarian tissue during different stage of estrous cycle. Adult National Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were considered as pro-estrous, estrous, met-estrous and di-estrous based on the cell type of the vaginal smear. Immunohistochemical staining of Sox2 marker was per-formed in mice ovarian tissue. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the expression of Sox2 in the cytoplasm of corpus luteum cells, stromal cells and oocyte. Our results suggest that adult mice ovaries accommodate cells carrying stem cell features.

Glycoconjugates, particulary their sugar side chains, play important roles in ‎development. This investigation was undertaken to examine the chemical nature of ‎components in the Zona pellucida possibly related to follicular development.In this ‎study, lections conjugated to horseradish peroxides were used as specific ‎histochemical probes to characterize the structure of Zona pellucida.‎ ‎ glycoconjugates and changes in their composition during ovarian cycle. Three of five ‎lections for N-acetylation of galactose and glucose amine intensely stained the zona ‎pellucida. These observations suggest that the N-acetylgalactosamine (GaINAc) and ‎N-Acetylglucosamine (GIcNAc) -containing glycoconjuages in zona pellucida may be ‎of functional important in follicular development. We can use this data for causing ‎female infertility and to make special contraceptive‏.‏

In this article, we analyzed the abnormal thickness of the chromosphere above the coronal holes (CH) at the poles of the Sun for 13 years (2010-2022), on the 15th of every month, by using AIA/SDO telescope data. We used the light emitted from helium-2 (He II) at a wavelength of 304 {AA} at about 50,000 K to investigate the solar holes in its north and south poles. This light is emitted from the chromosphere and the transition region. According to the values of the graphs obtained by the MATLAB program and the comparison between solar cycles during the 2010-2022 years, it was seen that the Full width of the intensity curves at half maximum (FWHM) in the poles, and as a result the magnetic activity of the sun and especially the activity of coronal cavities as the main source of the solar dipole magnetic field before cycle 25 is significantly greater than this thickness before cycle 24. According to the relationship between the number of sunspots and the solar activity in the coronal holes at the solar poles with a time delay of 2 to 5 years, we expect the maximum increasing in the number of sunspots around the year 2025. As a result,in terms of the number of sunspots, the height of the solar cycle 25 probably is higher than the cycle 24, which was a low sunspot number cycle. We also concluded that the thickness of the Chromosphere has an inverse relationship with solar dynamo magnetic activity cycle.

Introduction: There are heterogenous and sometimes confilicting data about possible predictors of ovarian response during IVF cycle. The aim of this study was evaluation the maternal age as a predicting factor of ovarian response during IVF cycle.Materials and Methods: In an analytic cross-sectional study, 96 female condidates for IVF were recruited at Alzahra infertility center during a 14-month period. Ovarian response was categorized and evaluated in two sections according to the number of retrieved follicles (£10 and>10) and oocytes (appropriate response: 5-14, inadequate response £4, excessive response ³15).Results: Ninty six women with a mean age of 29.8±5.9 (20-40) years were enrolled. Older age, high BMI, high basal serum FSH and low number of antral follicles were the predictors of inadequate number of retrieved follicles. Significant predictors of inadequate number of retrieved oocytes were older age, high BMI, high basal serum FSH, low ovarian volume and low serum estradiol.Conclusion: There was a reverse correlation between age, BMI and basal serum FSH with the number of retrieved follicles and oocytes but the correlation between serum estradiol and number of antral follicles with the number of retrieved follicles and oocytes was positive. There was not any independent predictor in this regards.These results can be used for prediction of ovarian response in patients undergoing IVF cycle.

The effect of different fatty acids in close–up period on population and size of follicles and blood parameters related to the energy state of the body after calving of lactating dairy cows was measured. In this study 12 Holstein cows were selected by expected date of parturition (around 30 days before calving) and assigned them randomly within one of the three experimental treatments including: 1) control (with carbohydrate source), 2) Rumen-protected fat (RF) and 3) Roasted Soybean (RS). The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and not iso-caloric. Blood samples were collected at 7 day intervals in -21, -14, -7, 1, 7, 14, 21 periods of calving. Also dry matter intake and body condition score cows were recorded. Ovarian activity was monitored by daily transrectal ultrasound scanning from 30 to 40 and 60 to 70 DIM. In blood parameters section only glucose concentrate, significantly was different among treatment groups and the value of glucose in RS group was higher than RF group. Reproductive activity in cows that were fed RS group was higher than RF group. Differences in dry matter intake and body condition score were not significant.

Background and Aim: Vaginal cytology is an effective method for assessing the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in rodents. This study aimed to investigate the restoration of ovarian function following the transplantation of vitrified ovarian tissue by examining daily vaginal smears. Methods: In this experimental study, 20 adult female NMRI mice (8 weeks old) with regular estrous cycles were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, an ovariectomy group, a vitrified ovarian transplant (VT) group, and a non-vitrified ovarian transplant (FT) group. All groups, except the control group, underwent ovariectomy. In the VT group, the right ovary was auto-transplanted into the muscle of the same mouse after vitrification and thawing. In the FT group, the right ovary was auto-transplanted into the muscle of the same mouse without vitrification. From the fourth day after transplantation until the end of the second estrous cycle, daily vaginal smears were collected. The onset of the first proestrus in each mouse indicated the beginning of the estrous cycle, and the interval between two consecutive proestrus phases was considered a complete cycle. Results: All transplants in both the VT and FT groups were completely successful. The mean onset of the first and second estrous cycles in the VT group was significantly delayed compared to the FT and control groups (P<0.05). Although the length of the estrous cycle in the VT group increased compared to the other groups, this increase was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the estrous cycle returns after vitrification and transplantation of ovarian tissue in mice. Initially, this cycle may be prolonged but tends to improve over time. Therefore, daily monitoring of the estrous cycle can effectively demonstrate the repair and restoration of function in transplanted ovarian tissue without necessitating its removal from the mice.